A Stroke Guide to か、き、く、ãã€ã (Ka, Ki, Ku, Ke, Ko)

Sexual Harassment And The Workplace - 897 Words

As Angel Kwolek-Folland said, â€Å"Women’s presence in the office work force challenged the Victorian ideal of separate public and private worlds for men and women† (Covey). In all our country’s attempts to eradicate sexual harassment it is still an issue people face every day. Sexual harassment is more than just inappropriate touching it is also verbal harassment and even body language. The textbook definition of sexual harassment as stated by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is â€Å"unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature† (Wakeman). While many think that the lines of what is sexual harassment and what is not are blurred they are not. Sexual harassment is behavior that is â€Å"so frequent or severe that is creates a hostile work environment† (Wakeman). Even though some common arguments maybe that the definition od sexual harassment is unclear or that without it the workplace would be dull, sexual harassment is not something to be ignored or belittled and it is still a big problem that people face in their workplace. Ninety percent of people who are sexually harassed are women and not only does sexual harassment affect their work life it also affects their life outside of work (â€Å"Sexual Harassment†). Sexual harassment can make women feel embarrassed, lose self-esteem, interfere with judgement, concentration, and many lose sleep and all of this in turn affects performance at work (â€Å"Sexual Harassment†).Show MoreRelatedSexual Harassment At The Workplace1697 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace Eva L. Mendez-Zacher MG260, Business Law I 28 September 2014 Dr. Anita Whitby Abstract I’m conducting a study on Sexual harassment in the workplace. Sexual harassment is possible in all social and economic classes, ethnic groups, jobs and places in the community. Through this study I hope to clarify the common misconception that sexual harassment is an isolated female problem. Although the majority of the cases reported are in fact male on femaleRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace990 Words   |  4 PagesIt is great to have a workplace where you are friends with your coworkers. But what happens when coworkers talk about other coworkers in a sexual context. Two male coworkers talking about female staff where coworkers in the area can hear. Your manager suggests that they can help you earn a promotion if you go out with them. This puts employees in awkward situations where they might not know if this is considered sexual harassment. If it is, an employee maybe unsure what to do about it. AccordingRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace963 W ords   |  4 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace There are federal laws put in position to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace. Most employees sometimes don’t even realize what sexual harassment is are when they are committing this violation. On the flip side an employee may not realized when they are being sexually harassed and when is the appropriate time to speak up. Education on sexual harassment has increased within the workplace as cases are more public and fines are getting steeper. In this researchRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace1396 Words   |  6 PagesEssay #3 Sexual harassment in the workplace has always been an issue, even before women were introduced into the working environment in the twentieth century. In recent years this issue may have become more publicized than before and not as overlooked as it used to be, but it unfortunately affects people all across the nation, both men and women alike. From that fast food chain where your kid is working at, to that fortune 500 company you’ve never heard of, it is happening. Over the last severalRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace2180 Words   |  9 PagesSexual harassment is among the many factors that make employees uncomfortable at the workplace. This vice is a sum of all the unwelcomed advances of sexual nature that employees go through from their colleagues or superiors. There is no gender limit to sexual harassment since both males and females may be coerced to engage in some things for sexual favours. Sexual harassment takes both verbal and physical form. Since managers are responsible for the provision of a comfortable working environmentRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace1253 Words   |  6 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace What cause sexual harassment in the workplace? Sexual harassment is defined as discrimination towards sex. It is unwanted verbal and/or physical contact between two human beings, however, in this case I would like to focus on the workplace (co-worker or supervisor). Based on Civil Rights Act of 1991, there has been an increased amount of incentives for employer’s prohibition conducts of sexual harassment. How people perceive and evaluate sexual harassmentRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace1697 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Harassment in the Work Place: Building More Awareness In today’s society, sexual harassment in the workplace has become a problem. This problem should have more attention and awareness provided to help stop these situations from happening. Sexual harassment can happen anywhere, at any time, and to everyone. It does not discriminate and effects all ethnicity, genders, age, and races. Due to the larger number of cases presented in courts today, sexual harassment in the workplace continues toRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace1359 Words   |  6 Pagesfor any company to legally define what constitutes sexual harassment in the workplace, but there are many ways to define sexual harassment. Everyone has different views and tolerance levels towards sexual harassment. When a case of sexual harassment occurs in a workplace, however, it comes down to how the courts define sexual harassment. The Supreme Court defines sexual harassment to be unlawful in two ways. â€Å"The first type involves sexual harassment that results in a t angible employment action;† thisRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace Introduction Sexual harassment is an ethical problem in the workplace. Sexual harassment is defined as unwelcome verbal, visual, or physical conduct of a sexual nature. It can affect your working conditions and creates a hostile work environment. It can also affect productivity, satisfaction, retention, patient care and safety, your physical well-being and mental health. It can also cause low staff morale, increased absenteeism and attrition of staff. This studentRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace1608 Words   |  7 Pagessubject to sexual harassment ranging from sexually degrading comments to physical acts of sexual assault. Unfortunately for the women working at the mine, that was only the beginning of the harassment they’d experience. If this was not damaging enough, women were deterred, if not, outright sanctioned for reporting instances of harassment to management. It is reasonable to assume that culture at Pearson Taconite and Steel fostered a hostile work environment for women. Though the issue of sexual harassment

Psychology and Multitasking Talent Free Essays

Issue Analysis Written Response : Multitasking Findings In the current society, many individuals of different gender intends on doing multitasking by finishing the task instantly. Both multitasking and divided attention have comparable implication. Some researcher’s able to proof that between the both genders, there are no significant differences in their multitasking. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology and Multitasking Talent or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, women are naturally better at multitasking as they juggled more tasks than man. There are several reasons that women multitask better than man in manner of biological differences, frequency on juggling tasks and abilities on multitasking. Firstly, woman leads towards a greater biological difference than man. Women’s have large part of â€Å"Corpus callosum† in the brain which stimulates two conversation simultaneously (Halpern, 2000). Next, majority of man would rather focus using single hint while woman mingled multiple ideas from the atmosphere (Williams Meck, 1990). In fact, the operational IQ in man decrease significantly compared to woman while performing demanding tasks (Wilson Packard, 2005). Secondly, women are capable in juggling large amount of task frequently. Women usually carry on the lion’s share of house chores and babysitting while holding down their own career job (ABCScience, 2011). Then, as their own family turn on the heat towards them to juggle great amount of task and so they become naturally better at multitasking (Spence, 2012). Furthermore, woman accomplish for the most severe classes of multitasking in the domestic labor such as scutwork and babysitting (Liana, 2007). Finally, woman surpasses man due to superiority in multitasking abilities. Most specifically, women tend to achieve task at considerably higher stage than man as they demonstrate their natural talent for multitasking (Bratley, n. d). Next, women might inherent the ability to be more dynamic and accurate by doing task fruitfully when compared to man (Criss, 2006). In addition, women are capable in casting for just a brief time of period while they are juggling with other tasks (Richard, 2010). In conclusion, woman has a greater advantage at multitasking as in biological differences, frequency on juggling tasks and multitasking abilities than man. With their atural abilities, it allows them to be evenly productive and easily accomplish task simultaneously. Without a doubt, women may have possessed by these advantages to enhanced ability to multitask. Therefore, women are better at multitasking than men as women are naturally talented at it. Processes Based on the expedition done for this report, several sources were obtained substantially from the internet an d online databases. Majority of the sources were suitable as the topic has been selected. The information gathered was composed of two journals, six articles and three books as the sources discuss about multitasking between two genders. In fact, the reliability and credibility are reasonable for all sources obtained that shows appropriate evidence to support my argument. All the sources are considered credible and accurate as the sources are being updated and the author’s are well experienced in the particular field. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the sources are trusted and precise according to the credibility. However, some sources are questionable because it didn’t relate with the argument such as written by several authors about discoveries from movies and games, negative effects and gender differences between children on multitasking. Reference List 1. Marybeth, J. , Mattingly, Sayer, Liana, C. , 2006. â€Å"Under Pressure: Gender Differences in the Relationship between Free Time and Feeling Rushed†. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 205-221. 2. Lippa, R. , 1998. Gender-related differences and the structure of vocational interests: The importance of the people-things dimension. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(4), 996-1009. 3. Lieberman, M. D. , Rosenthal, R. ,2001. Why introverts can’t always tell who likes them: Multitasking and nonverbal decoding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 294–310. 4. Offer, S. Schneider, B. , 2011. â€Å"Revisiting the Gender Gap in Time-Use Patterns: Multitasking and Well-Being among Mothers and Fathers in Dual-Earner Families†Ã‚  American Sociological Review  76. 6[Online]. 809 -833. Available at http://www. asanet. org/images/journals/docs/pdf/asr/Dec11ASRFeature. pdf [Accessed 03 March 2013] 5. Stumpf, H. , 1993. Performance factors and gender related differences in spatial ability: Another assessment. Memory and Cognition, 21, 828-836. 6. Voyuer, D. , Voyer, S. amp; Bryden, M. P. , 1995. Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables. Psychological Bulletin. 117, 250-270. 7. Liana, C. S. , 2007, Gender Differences in the Relationship between Long Employee Hours and Multitasking. 17, 403-435. 8. Hyde, J. S. Lynn, M. C. , 1988. Gender differences in verbal ability: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 1 04, 53-69. 9. Ruble, D. , Martin, C. L. , Berenbaum, S. A. , 2006. Gender Development. In W. Damon and R. M. Lerner (Eds. ), Handbook of Child Psychology. , 858-932. 10. Knowledge@Australian School of Business , 2011. Gender Differences: Finding the Measure for Multitasking Talent. Human Resources, [Online]. Available at: http://knowledge. asb. unsw. edu. au/article. cfm? articleid=1382   [Accessed 01 March 2013] 11. Spence, S. T. , 2012. The Straight Dope: Are woman better at multitasking than men? [Online]. Available at http://www. straightdope. com/columns/read/3078/are-women-better-at-multitasking-than-men [Assessed on 02 March 2013] 12. CRISS, B. R. , 2006. Gender Differences in Multitasking. National Undergraduate Research Clearinghouse [Online], 9. Available at http://www. webclearinghouse. net/volume/9/CRISS-GenderDiff. php. [Accessed 03 March 2013] 13. Bratley, M. , n. d. HealthGuidanc : HealthGuidance for better health. Multi-tasking: Differences Between Man and Woman. [Online]. Available at http://www. healthguidance. org/entry/13973/1/Multi-Tasking–Differences-Between-Men-and-Women. html [Accessed 01 March 2013] 14. Richard, G. , 17 July 2010. â€Å"Scientists prove that women are better at multitasking than men†Ã‚  Telegraph  [Online]. Available at http://www. telegraph. co. uk/science/science-news/7896385/Scientists-prove-that-women-are-better-at-multitasking-than-men. html [Accessed 03 March 2013] 15. ABCScience, 2011. Are woman better multi-taskers than man? : Are women better at multi-tasking than men? And does being a parent improve your ability to do more than two things at once? [Online]. Available at http://www. abc. net. au/science/articles/2011/08/11/3291311. htm [Accessed 03 March 2013] 16. James, Thomas, W. , Kimura. D. , 1997. â€Å"Sex How to cite Psychology and Multitasking Talent, Essay examples

The Pursuit free essay sample

Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the world from 2008 to 2012. It is the second-largest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization, with an estimated value of US$414 billion as of January 2013. It has become an obvious leader in the consumer technology Industry. Supply Chain Management: It has been argued that Apple has achieved such efficiency in its supply chain that the company operates as a monopsony (one buyer, many sellers), in that it can dictate terms to its suppliers. This relationship is a huge advantage for apple. Top Executives: Apple rolls out the most innovative products in the consumer technology industry. Without Steve Jobs hiring of only the most tech. savvy minds such innovations provided by Apple wouldn’t be possible. The iMac made a great turnaround for the company in the late 90’s with the IMac. The design team was led by Jonathan Ive, who would later design the iPod and the iPhone. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pursuit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since Steve Jobs passing Tim Cook has taken the reigns and has maintained the reputation built by Jobs. Going Global: Tim Cook expects China to overtake the United States as Apple’s biggest market in 2013. For Dell: Resource/ Capability| Does it have Value? | Is itRare? | Is itInimitable? | Is the companyOrganized to exploit this resource/capability| SCA, TCA, tCA, CP| Mergers and Acquisitions|   Ã‚   Yes|    Yes|   Ã‚  Ã‚   No   Ã‚  Ã‚   |   Ã‚     Yes| TCA| E-Commerce: â€Å"Built to Order†|   Ã‚   Yes|    Yes|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No   |   Ã‚   Yes| TCA| Michael Dell|   Ã‚   Yes|   Ã‚   Yes|   Ã‚   Yes|    Yes| SCA|   Mergers and Acquisitions: What Dell wisely does is realize their needs, and then acquire companies which will serve as a separate entity, but also supply products within the realm of the corporation. This is a serious cost advantage, and a very strategic approach to business. E- Commerce: Dell is well known for its innovations in supply chain electronic commerce, particularly its direct-sales model and its build-to-order or configure to order approach to manufacturing and delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications. Michael Dell (privatization): The main aim of Dells leveraged buyout is to redo the company’s financial structure, as the buyout would save the company between $4 and $5 billion in taxes they would otherwise have to pay on repatriated profits controlled by tax haven subsidiaries, and the company would be able to reinvest this cash stockpile in restructuring. Dell founder Michael Dell said of the buyout I believe this transaction will open an exciting new chapter for Dell, our customers and team members. Now that we have discussed each companies specific resources, it is time to explore their overall business strategies. |

Barbarossa Essays - Field Marshals Of Nazi Germany,

Barbarossa When Germany invaded Russia in 1941, they did so neither near-sighted or as a ?back-handed? diplomatic ploy. While Russia remained a key objective to Hitler, it was also seen as a necessity for long-term victory and survival in Europe for Germany. ?Plan Yellow?, as developed by Field Marshal Erich von Manstein, called upon the pre-emptive strike against an imperialistic Russia, using speed and superior leadership as keys to victory. To always remember the axiom: ?History is written by the conquerers,? is key to the history of the German-Russian War 1941-1945. This paper intends to not only convey the necessity and the upside of a German attack and subsequent victorys but also the Russian Army's offense stance of 1941. As Field Marshal Fedor von Bock wrote in his diaries ?A sense of fright came over the OKH? (German High Command) ?With no more enemies, who do we wait for to fight? Alas they had been waiting for us.? Germany in 1941 had reached a high point. The German economy, bolstered by it's newly conquered lands, stood by itself with no equal. The citizenery had not witnessed victory like 1939-1941 since the day of Fredrich the Great. Germany, bolstered by such a booming economy and national morale, had yet to truly begin it's ?witch-hunts,? nor had any of it's concentration camps. While Jews were politically and often violently blamed and attacked for Germany's ills, Hitler and the Nazi regime had at this point not begun the holocaust nor the mass killings. Most of Europe belonged to the Axis powers and Field Marshal Erwin Rommel's Afika Korps, and the Italian Army had beaten the Allies to the far reaches of Africa. Mexico was being courted by the Axis diplomats and Brazil had remained nuetral, but swayed to Germany, (it's imperialist conquerer). Japan had taken much of China and had moved towards Australia. Germany had no equal: economically, militarily, and no threat of one. The reasons for an invasion of Russia are many, but very simply, in all respects it made perfect sense to retain and protect the security and future of Germany. Contrary to most opinions, Germany was not embroiled in a two-front war in 1941, mainly because of Britain's inability to bring significant pressure to bear on Germany by land, sea, or air during the proposed time period of ?Plan Yellow.? The naval blockade of German sea ports was failing miserably as the German empire was overly sufficient without imports. Britain's traditional ?trump card?: sea power and naval blockades of German ports would be rendered obsolete by a victory in European Russia. If Germany defeated or eliminated Russia from the war, any British posture, even with the support of their empire would be meaningless in the face of German control of the fuel, iron, ore and agricultural resources of the entire continent. Britain would be at a complete loss and it would be her economy to collapse. Britain's only option for obtaining critical materials, or victory of any sort, would appear to be in Africa. However, German air and ground forces freed from the continent (inner France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslavakia), could easily be diverted to Africa to prevent this. The destruction and conquest of European Russia would not only provide Germany with immense resources and capabilities to expand those resources, but it would also make Britain unable to carry on a fruitless war. Hitler's Lebensraum, or literally ?living space?, is misleading as Germany was not overcrowded and had conquered an immense buffer zone against her enemies and neighbors. Lebensraum sought resources- iron, ore, fuel, food, factory space- it did not have inside the boundaries imposed in the Versailles Treaty of 1917. Hitler, in each of his military endeavors sought out these necessary resources above military strategy, even above diplomatic means. Hitler had so handily conquered Poland, annexed both Austria and Czechoslavakia, defeated Belgium, and a large British Expeditionary Force, and France so quickly.The entire armed forces working brilliantly enough to overrun Norway, nuetralize Britain, and their U-Boats disrupting sea supply lines from America, Hitler turned to the showdown with Soviet Russia. In late 1940 Hitler suggested to a friendly Russia that she enter and join the German-Italian Pact of Steel. The negotiations over the spoils of

Sales and Non-Sales Functions Essays

Sales and Non-Sales Functions Essays Sales and Non-Sales Functions Essay Sales and Non-Sales Functions Essay Essay Topic: Fun Home To be a well rounded company, management must ensure that the sales and non sales areas work together. Without a team effort the company will not function well and it may cause irreparable financial damage to the company. Black and Decker is a company that works well together on both the non sales and sales areas. Black and Decker is one of the largest power tool manufactures in the world and as such they must have communication between all function of the company, from the product design all the way through to the sales of the product. The company relies heavily in the sales people to sell the product and to keep inventory moving. Without this step the company would have large amounts of inventory in a warehouse and would eventually have to slow or stop production of its tools and this would in turn reduce the sales dollars the company depends on to keep operating. Coordination between the sales and non sales function of Black Decker is essential. Any lack of communication would result in unacceptable backlogs of product, the potential of accounts receivable not being collected or slow collections, slow production of product, poor customer service and eventually the loss of sales. Each of the function listed will have a negative effect on the sales staff and will inhibit the forward momentum of the company. The role of the sales people not just to sell the product, but to sell the right products to the right people, without communication between the company as a whole, the sales people cannot effectively service the customers. Every spring Black and Decker rolls out the pressure washers in Home Depots across the nation and encourages the Retail Specialists (RS) to sell, sell, sell. During this time the RS is required to meet a specified number of product orders in each store they service. However, as the RS continues to order the product the production of the pressure washers is slow and the product that is available is being carefully shipped to high volume stores. Here is where the problem lies; Each RS has met with store management to encourage them to order additional product and gain additional floor space only to see very few if any product arrive. The lack of communication between corporate and the sales people has created a negative situation at the store level. The non sales function i.e. territory managers, production, shipping, have inadvertently created a negative situation for the sales people. Management required that all RS meet a certain quota and the production and shipping functions have put a strain on the relationship between store management, store sales people, and customers. Communication between production and corporate should have taken place before to ensure there was sufficient product available. Territory management should have communicated with the RS to obtain preliminary information on the required amount of units and forwarded that to the production function. In essence the RS cold have taken pre-orders and would not have had to make promises they could not back up. Each function of a company plays a specific role in the success of a company. In this case the non sales functions had dramatic effects on the sales function. The role of the sales department of any company is to increase revenue, sell the right product to the right people and meet sales goals noted in the strategic plan. In the pressure washer situation Black and Decker was put into an inventory back log business and created a lack of trust between the RS and store management. This lack of communication between the sales and non sales disabled the company to utilize the strategic plan and put the company at risk of loss of sales in the future. The sales department is the link between the customer and the company, to maintain or increase sales it is essential to keep communication open. This will allow the company to utilize the strategic plan and to increase the performance of the sales staff, thus increasing revenue and keeping the warehouse inventory to a minimum.

REPORT ON HIGHER EDUCATION IN QATAR4 (Part in green) Research Paper

REPORT ON HIGHER EDUCATION IN QATAR4 (Part in green) - Research Paper Example tion which comprise of schools, second is known as secondary education level which includes all colleges in country and top level is higher education that is known as tertiary education in which universities are placed. The Council was founded by Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani along with his wife, SheikhaMozahbintNaseer Al-Missnad. All education related matters are handled by this Council and has even directing and controlling power to make decision from primary level to higher education level. It recently initiated Education for a New Era Reform with the aim of restructuring education system of the country (Supreme Education Council, 2012). However, education controlling power is shared in between Supreme Education Council and Ministry of Education; since funding to the Ministry is reduced to a greater extent, majority of schools, colleges and universities are under the control of the Council. The main aim of this Council is to offer its assistance to citizens so that they are encouraged and motivated to acquire higher education. Similarly, private institutions and foreign universities are being attracted to increase education level and offer varying degrees of programs to students that are compatible with job demands in the market (Coughlan, 2012). It has been given complete responsibility for designing of educational polices and also oversee its reforms; the Evaluation Institute has power of undertaking student assessment on periodical basis to provide details about performance of schools and the Education Institute assists in development of Independent Schools that are new and design curriculum standards that enhance education quality. In order to have access to information about the Council, the most effective way is to either call on their telephone lines, post a letter on P.  O Box 35111, Doha, Qatar, Communication Office, Phone:   Hot line 155 - 44044564 - 44044567- 44044371 - 4044370, fax on their number 44044571 - 44044572  or email to concerned

Prevention of Medication Errors and Safety Measures Assignment

Prevention of Medication Errors and Safety Measures - Assignment Example Another important requirement is the right storage of medicines and accounting for the stocks at appropriate intervals. In many cases drugs are delivered to the patient by means of certain devices such as tubes and inhalers. In such cases it is necessary to ensure that the equipment is sterile and also monitor the system constantly (Anderson & Townsend, 2010). In addition to the above potential errors, environmental issues such as increased workload of the medical staff, distractions while procuring or administering drugs to the patient and fatigue and ill-health of the caregivers can also lead to grave medication errors. In one hospital setting a â€Å"no interruption zone† has been instituted in places where nurses procure medications from automated dispensing machines. Such actions will facilitate better concentration from the staff and hence fewer error risks (Anderson & Townsend, 2010). One of the main methods by which medication errors can be prevented is through proper and adequate information about drugs which needs to be provided to nurses and other medical staff attending the patient, pharmacists in charge of dispensing medications and to the patient themselves. Nursing staff and others dealing with medications should be constantly updated about new medicines procured by the facility as well on potential medication errors that could occur (Anderson & Townsend, 2010). In addition, physicians should educate every patient on the risks and benefits of the drugs prescribed to them and clarify the doubts of the patient regarding the long-term effects and dosage regimen of the drugs (Patel & Balkrishnan, 2010). Awareness on errors occurring in other... One of the main methods by which medication errors can be prevented is through proper and adequate information about drugs which needs to be provided to nurses and other medical staff attending the patient, pharmacists in charge of dispensing medications and to the patient themselves. Nursing staff and others dealing with medications should be constantly updated about new medicines procured by the facility as well on potential medication errors that could occur (Anderson & Townsend, 2010). In addition, physicians should educate every patient on the risks and benefits of the drugs prescribed to them and clarify the doubts of the patient regarding the long-term effects and dosage regimen of the drugs (Patel & Balkrishnan, 2010). Awareness on errors occurring in other facilities should also be created as it will help to provide a broader picture about the issue. In cases where negligence has been found to be the major cause of the error strict action needs to be ensued against the conce rned staff as they will serve as a caution for other members. Nurses and other caregivers should always bear in mind the five important rights while administering medicines that include identifying the right patient and the drug and administering the same in the correct dosage at the right time and via the right route (Anderson & Townsend, 2010; Patel & Balkrishnan, 2010). The use of information technology has also become a key factor for reducing errors related to medication over the past years.

Develop and implement strategic plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Develop and implement strategic plan - Essay Example The company markets compact-sized (120 mm length, 250 mm height and 300 mm width), user friendly machines for very small businesses. As a general business practice, MacVille manufactures energy saving devices. Most of the machines in the company’s product line automatically switch off after 10 minutes of inactivity. The machines are priced between $200 and $700 depending on the size, technology and capacity of the machine. MacVille’s highest level of stewardship has enabled it to plan and manage its resources in an optimal manner and thus reward its shareholders with high profits. MacVille has always taken into consideration the interests of all stakeholders. Thus, in addition to the shareholders, MacVille takes care of its people, the environment and the communities in which it operates. The company recognizes the importance of a motivated team of employees and therefore runs its business through self-directed work teams. These teams have access to all the requisite information and are empowered to plan and control their operations. The company empowers these teams to take remedial measures and carry out their day-to-day activities independently. MacVille understands that its people are a source of competitive advantage. The company therefore nurtures and grooms its employees to become future leaders. These employees are not the ones who do merely as what they are told to do. Rather these people think for themselves and are adept to formulate the future direction for MacVille. The company follows a philosophy of praising the smallest of accomplishments which encourages its employees to take on more challenging tasks. The management of MacVille is committed to providing the highest standards of health and safety to its employees. The work areas at MacVille are designed to provide safe working conditions to its employees. Work safety helps workers

RES Subglacial Mapping for Extraterrestrial Colonization

RES Subglacial Mapping for Extraterrestrial Colonization RES Subglacial Mapping Used to Assess Extraterrestrial Colonization Eric Phelan Successful colonization of another planet involves countless variables being addressed prior to mission launch. Water, being essential to sustaining human life, must be available in sizable quantities in order to establish a fruitful, long-term colony. But even with water filtration systems operating at one hundred percent efficiency, a viable native source of water must be identified on the planet if the colony is ever expected to prosper. Radio Echo Sounding may provide a solution to this problem. Introduction Radio Echo Sounding, Ice Penetrating Radar, or more commonly Radioglaciology, has been used for many years to map the subsurface of glaciers all across the globe. From massive canyons to pockets of trapped volcanic ash, RES has been a valuable tool in understanding how glaciers form and what they contain. In more recent years, studies have been conducted on the identification of subglacial lakes. These results may prove valuable when locating viable and continuous sources of water on otherwise desolate planets. We have already identified large ice caps on Mars [1] and that Jupiter’s Satellite, Europa, is covered in water ice [2]. We have even discovered small pockets of ice in craters on the moon [3]. The issue is that we must somehow extract usable water from these locations. It would be too costly and inefficient to continuously melt ice for use, so the next option is to identify pockets of fresh water in the ice. Radioglaciology gets us one step closer to identifying ideal colony locations by first locating large subglacial lakes. These subsurface fresh water bodies could provide just enough water for a colony to grow steadily and flourish. While scientists utilize RES here on Earth, we get one step closer to colonization of other planets. Greenland: Beneath the Ice As early as 1964, advanced RES techniques were being used in Greenland to map the subsurface beneath the mile thick ice sheet. [4] Just last year, RES surveys helped make a discovery of massive proportions. A canyon 50 percent longer than Arizona’s Grand Canyon was discovered snaking its way north toward Petermann Glacier [5][6]. This allowed scientists to extrapolate subsurface river data proving that looking beneath the surface of the ice on our own world delivers extremely valuable information that we otherwise would have failed to acquire. If we can find ancient river systems and lakes on Earth using this technique, it should be viable on other planets. Antarctica: The Hostile Habitat As more research teams explore Antarctica, the use of RES surveying is becoming more extensive. The concept that is being tested here is that liquid water can form beneath these ice sheets due to the bed being above water’s pressure melting point. These surveys have found 379 lakes in Antarctica nearly 4000 meters beneath the ice [7]. While scientists are currently more interested in finding life that miraculously escaped extinction 35 million years ago, these lakes also are important in determining whether other planets may have enough liquid water housed in their ice caps to support a human population. Although the popular and most commonly used methodology of RES surveys employs airplanes with radio equipment, satellites are also viable tools for the job. A satellite deployed in orbit around a planet can map elevation changes in ice sheets that are indicative of subsurface water movements. The more movements there are, the more active the lakes and rivers are beneath the surface. Knowing this can help us determine whether lakes are replenishing quickly or have a limited source of water. As Antarctica is arguably the most hostile surface environment on Earth, it is a good training ground for setting up an extraterrestrial colony. Exposure to the inclement weather can cause irreversible damage to the human body within minutes, testing the boundaries of what our technology and potential colonists can handle. Establishing drilling projects to extract water from these subglacial lakes may be the natural â€Å"next step† in determining our capacity to survive on other planets. If we can manage to transport liquid water from 2.5 miles beneath the surface to an outpost above, we will have tested and proved a technology that could someday be used on other worlds. Space Colonization Figure 3: Artist’s conception of a moon base http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_colonization The moon is a likely first candidate for space colonization. With the discovery of large concentrations of frozen water in deep craters on the moon in 2009 [3], humanity may have more incentive than ever before to establish a colony there. With the ability to find pockets of water in these ice pits, we are well on our way to finding a viable location on the lunar surface to establish a new home. RES surveys of the moon can be conducted from Earth’s surface, but for greater resolution we must get closer. Placing RES satellites in orbit around the moon would allow us to pinpoint liquid water access spots. The same technique would be viable on Mars and, eventually, Europa. If we can establish a stable colony on the moon first, though, we will be one step closer to reaching our full potential as a species. Conclusion The number of planets out in space is immeasurable. If only a fraction of them had water ice on the surface, it would open us up to countless possibilities. With the advancement of RES technologies, we will one day be able to detect water in places that we would have otherwise missed. Finding pockets of water buried deep beneath the ice on Mars or Europa using RES techniques would go a long way toward expanding humanity’s reach into the known universe. We could finally establish colonies on planets that were once thought to be impossible to access. It may be the stuff of science fiction today, but someday in the future this data will be used by engineers and architects to plan out large scale cityscapes that support thousands of lives. It would be the dawn of a new golden age for human civilization, and all of it made possible through the advancement of RES technologies. [1] Bibring, J., Langevin, Y., Poulet, F., Gendrin, A., al, e. (2004). Perennial water ice identified in the south polar cap of mars. Nature, 428(6983), 627-30. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/204531038?accountid=14503 [2] Chyba, C. F., Phillips, C. B. (2002). Europa as an abode of life. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres, 32(1), 47-68. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013958519734 [3] Cowen, R. (2009, Oct 24). The damp moon: Team finds water on lunar surface. Science News, 176, 10. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/197505984?accountid=14503 [4] TURCHETTI, S., DEAN, K., NAYLOR, S., SIEGERT, M. (2008). Accidents and opportunities: A history of the radio echo-sounding of antarctica, 1958-79. British Journal for the History of Science, 41(3), 417-444. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007087408000903 [5] Wayman, E. (2013, Oct 05). Introducing. Science News, 184, 4. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1441704876?accountid=14503 [6] Oskin, B. (2013, August 29). Grand Canyon of Greenland Discovered Under Ice Sheet. LiveScience. Retrieved from http://www.livescience.com/39289-greenland-longest-canyon-discovered.html [7] Davies, B. (n.d.). Antarctic subglacial lakes. antarcticglaciers.org. Retrieved from http://www.antarcticglaciers.org/modern-glaciers/subglacial-lakes/ [8] Space colonization. (n.d.). Princeton University. Retrieved from https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Space_colonization.html

The Collapse of the Egyptian Regime Essay -- Politics, Hosni Mubarak,

Three months ago, no one in the world could have expected the collapse of the Egyptian regime as a result of a popular revolution. The Egyptians revolted against the iron-fisted hand of the Egyptian president, Hosni Mubarak, over three main authorities in Egypt, which are the legislative authority, the executive authority, and the judicial authority. Revolutionaries also called for overthrow the Egyptian regime in order to achieve all their aspirations for a better life in Egypt, and this appeared clearly from their daily chant for eighteen continuous days, which was â€Å"the people want to bring down the regime.† They realized most of their aims through overthrowing Hosni Mubarak the last Egyptian Pharaoh, and agreed on the transferring of power from Hosni Mubarak to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces to take control of the nation in a short transition period. The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces exerted all their efforts in order to meet the key demands of the revo lutionaries through suspension the constitution, and decided to form a committee to amend changes to some constitutional articles so as to use them in issuing a constitutional declaration. After the committee had finished the amendment of the constitutional articles, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces asked citizens to participate in the referendum and not to boycott this process. In fact, most Egyptians, who have the right to vote, agreed on participating in the referendum, although they didn’t decide whether to vote â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no†; accordingly, they drew the world’s attention due to their gigantic contribution in the referendum because they turned out on Saturday, March 19th, to vote on the amendment to nine constitutional articles. The scene was incredible ... ...h many citizens may have other reasons which drove them to participate, I think that there were four main catalysts, which were the main driving forces behind this massive turnout of Egyptians to vote in the referendum. In fact, voters participated in the referendum because of their conviction with the fairness of the referendum, their feeling free to vote, and their participation due to the influence of many groups, which pushed them to look for stability and safety. In my humble opinion, all Egyptians must thank the martyrs for all they have sacrificed in order to see this day. I think that we should be proud of ourselves, and we must recognize changes, which we made in the world that motivated Austrian President Heinz Fischer to say: â€Å"The people of Egypt are the greatest people of earth; and they should deserve a Nobel Prize for Peace† quoted in (Shehab, 2011).

Diversity at Work

A major issue that many companies face today is how to promote diversity in the workplace. While federal laws and company policies give protection to diversity on the workplace, there still stand certain barriers that inhibit its growth. In effect, the purposes of these efforts are defeated. Therefore, it is important for firms to address how to overcome these barriers.Having been a longstanding issue, many studies have been devoted to defining and managing diversity, identifying obstacles to diversity, and ways in which these hurdles can be won. In all these studies, experts agreed that diversity is not an easy task.Moreover, promoting diversity in the workplace requires proponents to face the issues of fear, lack of cooperation from the workgroup, mistakes in planning, and problems with funding and training schedules, among other dilemmas. Diversity at Work—How to Make it Work? presents and explores these barriers that impede the expansion of diversity in workplaces, as iden tified by experts. In turn, the paper will also attempt to raise suggestions as to how these barriers can be overcome as well as how diversity can be promoted more effectively. Barriers to Diversity There is never any fool-proof plan.Companies most especially, regardless of size or industry, are fragile to facing challenges when they introduce plans that can adversely affect its operations and employees. However, companies should not be hindered by these challenges, and thus continue with plans that can contribute to the growth of the firm and its workforce. This applies essentially when a company decides to take a step in making theirs a diverse workplace. Diversity, being a sensitive issue that it is, can be filled with difficulties that many companies who subscribe to it end up unsuccessful.While it is impressive for a company to put efforts in promoting diversity in their firm, it is equally important for it to know that there are hurdles to their efforts to promote diversity in their workplaces. It is also necessary for them to identify and address these obstacles to allow for diversity to be effective. In doing so, the time, money, and effort that the company will put in to promoting diversity will not be put to waste. Here are some of the things that experts identified as barriers to making diversity flourish in organizations:Wrong leaders. Diversity is a sensitive initiative, and because it involves the employees it is normal for companies to create committees to lead the program, or appoint the human resources people to do the job. However, the sensitive nature of promoting diversity can make employees defenseless against other employees, even if they are human resources heads. (Simmons, 2003) Fear. According to Thiederman (2003), many companies who decide to face diversity tend to be afraid with the things attached to it.In many cases, diversity committees take considerable time planning the diversity initiatives because of their many fears such as t o offend a minor group, or to make a mistake in the policies that they are making. Defective objectives. Companies may become unrealistic with their goals and either create objectives which are not applicable to their workplace, or too ideal that it can never be executed at all. (Thiederman, 2003) Simmons (2003) seconds this by saying that often, companies create diversity objectives that are not in line with the vision and mission of the company, to which everything should be based.Lack of cooperation from employees. The mere promotion of diversity introduces the fact that differences exist in the organization, and in fact further proves the existence of such. Despite the fact that diversity aims to equalize and create inclusiveness with all members of the workforce, there are instances when employees see loopholes and will not want to cooperate. (Thiederman, 2003) By promoting diversity, the dominant party or majority may also feel that they are receiving less opportunities in the company’s effort to promote equality and inclusion.These employees may feel that in the company’s efforts t please the minority, they are being left out and thus it will be difficult for them to cooperate. (Common barriers to diversity, 2000) Stereotypes. It is human nature to stereotype people. Often, people make assumptions of others consciously or not without considering how it can affect others and the environment in which they are in. Stereotyping affects companies in such a way that when employees judge each other, they are already working against diversity. (Common barriers to diversity, 2000)Co-membership Syndrome. It is not surprising that employees will likely group themselves according to their similarities. Thus commonly, white males will most likely group together in the same way that employees in their mid-20s will group together. However, this is one defect in companies that prevent diversity from happening. When employees group themselves, they unconsc iously form factions that tend to be exclusive to them based on their similarities. A negative effect of this scenario is the tendency for these factions to create biases within their groups.For instance, when a member of the group has to be evaluated by a co-member fair and true judgment may not be given. (Common barriers to diversity, 2000) Insider Dynamics. In the creation of informal splinter groups in the workplace, it is inevitable for employees to feel either included or excluded in the factions. This highly affects the performance of the employees. When an employee is a member of a group, he considers himself an insider and can get the support of her co-members in any corporate initiative.On the other hand, employees who are different and thus does not enjoy the membership to a group (the outsiders to a group) do not get the backing they need in corporate initiatives. This damages their confidence and self-esteem. On a larger scale, it denies them the right to influence othe rs, make decisions for themselves, their positions, and their departments, and may give them less access to vital information that can help them play their professional roles. (Common barriers to diversity, 2000) Cues and gestures.With the differences in race, gender, culture, education, age, and other aspects, people may have different cues and gestures that may mean differently to others. While this is normal, it greatly affects diversity efforts and can even create communication chaos. (Common barriers to diversity, 2000) Generalities in diversity training. Because diversity involves the inclusion of all employees regardless of differences, diversity trainings also tend to be diverse in nature and given on a whim without consideration on the different levels of understanding and acceptance that employees have as well as roles that they play.This makes most diversity trainings ineffective and wasteful. (Simmons, 2003) Lack of professional trainers. The demand for diversity trainin gs is on the rise, and it attracted non-professionals to join the bandwagon of diversity trainers despite lack of training and expertise on the subject. This creates more problem than solution, as non-skilled trainers can give unnecessary or wrong ideas to employees who can end up confused and frustrated. (Bennet, n. d. ) Time and cost.Promoting diversity and using diversity seminars is a mean feat. It can cost thousands of dollars to hire a diversity speaker, additional expenses to set up the training with all the requirements of it, and additional money for formulating policies and implementing them. Apart from this, it will also take time from employees and corporate heads alike, and in business time is also commensurate to money. When a company decides to promote diversity, both top-level executives and employees need to allot and spend time in cooperating.Company officials need to take the time to plan the initiative, create policies, assign executors, and monitor the progress of the plan first-hand to ensure that efforts are not put in vain. Employees will likewise need the time to meet with company officials and executors to discuss the plan for diversity, as well as allot a notch in their schedules to attend trainings and seminars. Thereafter, every member of the company must take time every single day at work to see that diversity is being practiced.Thus, time and cost are also barriers for many companies who are willing to promote diversity in their firms. (Bennet, n. d. ) Overcoming Barriers After identifying the barriers that companies experience in promoting diversity at work, it is essential for solutions to be classified as well. To begin with, Simmons (2003) states that diversity initiatives should be lead by the chief executive officers and top-level executives. This will make the plan appear to be of primary importance, as what it already is.The involvement of the higher ranks will also induce cooperation among employees. Fear is yet another obstacle in achieving corporate diversity and to aid this, Thiederman (2003) says that it will be helpful for the proponents and leaders of the initiative to speak with their people and find out exactly what their thoughts and views are to bring about the actual necessities in the issue and avoid mistakes, especially in the area of policy making. Matching the goals of diversity with the goals, mission, and vision of the company will also set the goals of the initiative straight.(Simmons, 2003) It is important for companies to create realistic objectives that are consistent with the beliefs that their companies subscribe into. Likewise, companies that are just starting with their diversity plans should study and learn from companies who have already succeeded in managing diversity in their firms. (Thiederman, 2003) However, it is inevitable to have employees who are not willing to cooperate with diversity efforts regardless of attempts in the part of the company.According Thiederman (2003), involving everyone is the key to soliciting cooperation. Because diversity plans often put importance to the members of the minority in the workplace, dominant parties can feel left out and refuse to collaborate. Likewise, members of minor parties may feel that diversity highlights their difference all the more, especially when companies overdo the use of political correctness to the point of pretentiousness. Thus, companies should strive to make everyone a part of the effort in diversifying.The proponents should also refrain from adjusting and minimizing the company standards just to accommodate the minority as this will not be agreeable to all employees, dominant or not, and can cause them to think twice about cooperating. Heathfield (2007) agrees, saying that to promote diversity the company must keep itself on the winning court. Simmons (2003) also stressed that any complaint on reverse discrimination should be readily addressed. Trainings and information dissemination m ay also address most concerns related to diversity such as stereotyping, co-membership, insider dynamics, and cues and gesture differences.Companies who invest on and effectively carry out such trainings encourage and inform their employees that holding and sharing assumptions and judgments about other people, especially their co-employees, can adversely affect them, their relationships, and their workplace. Efficient trainings and seminars on diversity can also eliminate the formation of factions and, ultimately, avoid the existence of insider and outsider dynamics within the organization. Differences in cues and gestures and the multiplicity of their interpretations may also be addressed by proper training and information.When employees understand that their cues and gestures may mean differently with others, they will become more sensitive with their actions and strive to act more appropriately in a manner that is appropriately understandable to others according to what they real ly mean. However, diversity trainings must be executed efficiently. One problem on diversity training is the use of generalities, often to address the need for diversity information of all employees at one time. This leaves a part of the audience informed, and a part of the audience misinformed or uninformed.Diversity trainings should therefore consider that every employee hold positions that require them to play different roles. Thus, every employee will need to learn how to inject diversity according to the tasks that they do on a daily basis and the responsibilities that they handle. (Simmons, 2003) Interestingly, however, Simmons (2003) suggests that in defining diversity, one should be as broad as possible and attempt to cover the different aspects in which an organization should be diverse. This allows diversity to cover a global scope, as compared to merely promoting race or gender equality.These explain that while diversity training should be as specific as possible accordin g to the skills and roles of each employee, discussing diversity per se should be generalized and cover as much difference as one company can cover based on the cases within the organization. Lack of professional trainers also poses a problem in many diversity efforts. While the number of companies who are willing to subscribe to diversity is on a steep rise, the number of diversity trainers is also on the fast track up. However, the number of professional trainers—the experts—, which is an entirely different thing, is on a forward drag.While the solution to this problem may not be on the hands of companies, it is important that firms trying to start diversity trainings in their workplaces do not hire just any available trainer around. Professional trainers provide high-quality trainings and give expert consultation that no low-cost, readily available trainer can offer. If financially feasible, companies may also outsource the training to third-party consulting firms i f professional trainers are not available. Time is also an essential consideration that hinders diversity programs from becoming effective.As shown, diversity can take a lot of precious time; and as mentioned above time in business equals money. It is therefore important that every minute spent on diversity is used efficiently. Monitoring and consistent evaluation can help companies achieve this and avoid wastage. Costs may also be a hurdle for companies to provide diversity plans for their employees. To get by, companies must assess how much actual money they are willing to spend on their diversity initiative. It is also important to allot the money properly according to the priorities of the plan so that each aspect of the plan is funded accordingly.Similar as the time barrier, monitoring and evaluation should be done to ensure that the money being allotted for the diversity plan is properly spent. Apart from these means in overcoming the barriers identified, it is worthy to consi der several other suggestions from experts in managing and promoting diversity at work. According to Bennet (n. d. ), storytelling is one of the experts’ ways to promote variety because by sharing stories of both discrimination and diversity, listeners tend to think and feel.This allows for emotions to be tapped, a powerful way to convince people to support diversity and do away with discrimination. Heathfield (2007), on the other hand, presents an interesting key in unlocking diversity. While it has been mentioned a while ago that a barrier to diversity is the co-membership syndrome where employees tend to bond with others who are like them, Heathfield suggests that similarities be used to promote diversity saying that by highlighting the things where the employees are alike diversity can be promoted.One common ground to begin with is the goal set that employees may have for working in the firm. Most importantly, diversity initiatives must respect and value people, specifica lly employees, and their contributions. It is important for companies to understand that diversity does not aim to widen the privilege entitlement of minority groups. By doing so, the workplace will be a more interesting and enjoyable place to be in.

The 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles - History

The 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles - History The 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, United States For a while, ​it seemed as if no one was going to attend the 1932 Olympic Games. Six months before the Games were to begin, not a single country had responded to the official invitations. Then they started to trickle in. The world was mired in the Great Depression which made the expense of traveling to California seem nearly as insurmountable as the distance. Neither had many of the spectator tickets been sold and it seemed that the Memorial Coliseum, which had been expanded to 105,000 seats for the occasion, would be relatively empty. Then, a few Hollywood stars (including Douglas Fairbanks, Charlie Chaplin, Marlene Dietrich, and Mary Pickford) offered to entertain the crowd and ticket sales picked up. Los Angeles had constructed the very first Olympic Village for the Games. The Olympic Village consisted of 321 acres in Baldwin Hills and offered 550 two-bedroom portable bungalows for the male athletes, a hospital, post office, library, and a large number of eating establishments to feed the athletes. The female athletes were housed in the Chapman Park Hotel downtown, which offered more luxuries than the bungalows. The 1932 Olympic Games also debuted the first photo-finish cameras as well as the victory platform. There were two minor incidents worth reporting. Finnish Paavo Nurmi, who had been one of the Olympic heroes in the past several Olympic Games, was considered to have turned professional, thus was not allowed to compete. While mounted on the victory platform, Italian Luigi Beccali, winner of the gold medal in the 1,500-meter race, gave the Fascist salute. Mildred Babe Didrikson made history at the 1932 Olympic Games. Babe won the gold medal for both the 80-meter hurdles (new world record) and the javelin (new world record)  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹and won silver in the high jump. Babe later became a very successful professional golfer. Approximately 1,300 athletes participated, representing 37 countries. For More Information: History of the OlympicsList of the Olympic GamesInteresting Olympic Facts

Media Disgrace essays

Media Disgrace essays More coverage than O.J. More coverage than Diana. More than Oklahoma City, and more coverage than even Monica Lewinsky. You guessed it, Election 2000, and the media loved every minute of it. Savoring the proverbial field-day, U.S. journalists greatly assisted in dividing the country, destroying the peoples respect for the American legal system, embarrassing the worlds superpower, and simply annoying the crap out of everyone. To put it simply, the media didnt do its job, especially when it came to the really focal points of the recent election: pre-election coverage, election-night coverage, and post-election coverage including the Florida recount. In order to obtain more ground to cover, the media started off by telling the people just how different the two major candidates were (always relishing partisanship), when in truth, they arent that polarized. Of course, they have vaguely different views on how to accomplish certain goals, but for the most part, those goals are the same. Its the usual, strengthen our economy, preserve social security, improve education, yada yada yada; the candidates just occasionally differ on how to do so leading to an enduring joke about the American people not really wanting either candidate. The candidates are also similar in that they both exaggerated and skirted around lying in pre-election campaigning. The media compounded these problems by not being able to decide whether to be responsible enough to analyze these campaign claims and when they half-heartedly made any attempts they were often off the mark. Unfortunately, we a tendency to remember the few hits and forget the innumerable misses. For example, the media showed a keen interest in Gore's recounting the story of a Sarasota, Florida student who was forced to stand in her science class due to overcrowding. While many reports chalked it up as another Gore embellishment, few journalists acknowle...

Fund Managers, Intangibles, and Private Disclosure Essay

Fund Managers, Intangibles, and Private Disclosure - Essay Example Intangibles come in many different forms and nature. Example of these includes structural capital, human capital and relational capital. In the present case, however, intellectual capital is the only intangible that is mentioned. A large extent, it can be said that this is so because the intellectual capital of the present company is made up of an embodiment of all the components of intangibles. What is more, given any market value, intellectual capital is believed to be made up of the difference in the market value and tangible assets possessed by the company. Therefore, because the core component of cash input in the case was share price, the intellectual capital was named as the only intangible to represent all difference that would come from the share price and tangible assets. One critical condition that can be used to judge whether the meeting constitutes insider information or not has to do with whether or not the information given can provide any form of financial advantage in the trading of shares of companies. From this perspective, since the meeting with the fund manager involved information on how value arose and how efforts can be put in place to ensure that in future dealings, more value arose from the intangibles, this advantage could be described as insider information. If for nothing at all, the information that was received was a non-public fact and not accessible to all other players in the share trade business. Ideally, because the overall income of the fund manager is determined by a ratio of the overall fund average asset, it would be said that the insider information was going to benefit the fund manager. This is because he was going to be put in a position where he was going to have better strategies put in place to manage the portfolio of trading activities and consequently see a higher rise in the fund’s average assets.

Topic will be on a compiler from a list of programming languages Essay

Topic will be on a compiler from a list of programming languages - Essay Example This first Fortran compiler was known as an optimizing compiler, producing assembly code that was similar to hand-coded assembly language programs, but accomplishing the same tasks in less programming statements by a factor of 20. This fact led to the acceptance of the new system of creating code automatically. A Fortran compiler is a program that takes a Fortran program (the source code) and translates it into a lower-level language such as assembly language (the object code), which the computer can execute. This process usually takes three different steps, called passes. They include: lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and code generation, resulting in the binary code of 1‘s and 0‘s that a machine can execute. Currently, other common compiler operations include: preprocessing; parsing; semantic analysis; and code optimization. Which of these operations does a Fortran compiler utilize? The first Fortran compiler was created to work on the IBM 704. The compiler was called a "translator or executive routine". This first Fortran compiler was very simple, since it only had to handle the first, simple version of Fortran. The first Fortran language consisted of only 33 types of possible statements; these included: arithmetic statements and mathematical function statements; input and output statements such as READ and PRINT; the DIMENSION statement for creating matrices; the IF conditional statement; and control statements such as the GO TO and the DO loop statement. The first Fortran compiler (or translator, as then called) consisted of six parts or sections. The first section read in and classified statements, compiling any arithmetic statements. Input-output statements are partially compiled at this stage. Any compiled statements were stored in the COMPAIL file. Any remaining information is stored in tables. The second section compiled indexing statements, such as from the DO statement; these compilations were stored in the COMPDO file. The third

Social Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Policy - Essay Example It has been playing a curial role in meeting the health demands of the population. There are several intersectoral initiatives that have been taken to address the issue of health care in the UK. This has been influenced by the changes taking place in the health environment in the world and in the continental Europe. The changes have been implemented at the national levels with a trickle down effect felt in the lower level. The UK government has considered health care to be one of its important factor in the development of the social and economic life of the people. Most of the initiatives which are taken at the n atonal level are implemented through the NHS which is then implemented at the local government level. One of the current initiatives that have been implemented in the UK is the individual budget which is to start working in 2009. Under this program individual will be given more autonomy in the management of the funds that they receive from the social care system. This has also been extended to the health care system where individual will be given autonomy to decide on how they are going to use their money. Most of those patients who have been receiving their medical care through the NHS under the social care system will not be given autonomy to decide on the most appropriate health care providers that they will be attending. (Buttler, 2004) This initiative is expected to give the users of the social health care more independence in management of their health care needs. Unlike in the paste where the have been receiving their health services through the NHS they will be able to access these services even from the private practitioners. (Holmes, 2007) Another current heath care initiative that is likely to have an impact on the social care system is the health screening for over 40s. Under this initiative, the government twill be screening those who are over 40 years fro health complications that they may be facing. This initiative is expected to counteract the spreading wave of lifestyle diseases that continued to threaten the life of the aging population. This is a national program that will be expected to identify vulnerability to the vascular disease that has continued to claim the lives of many people in the UK. It is expected that the initiative will help to prevent up to 9500 heath attacks and strokes which occur every years and this could lead to saving of more than 2,000 lives. In the UK, vascular diseases in collection including heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and kidney diseases affects the lives of more than four million and leads to loss of more than 170,000 people every year. Vascular disease have also been shown to account for more than half of the mortality rate gap that exist between the rich and the poor as result of the gap in their lifestyles. Education There are several changes that have also taken place in the UK social care system as far as education is concerned. One of the problem that had been experienced in the education sector for along time had been the problem of inclusion education. The current move by the government to work for inclusive education in which children learn in the same class regardless of their disability has been seen as one of the most important way of helping all children access classroom. (Harwin, 2004) Another plan that took effect in 2003 saw the sending

Later Adulthood Development Report Essay Example for Free

Later Adulthood Development Report Essay Aging occurs in every stage of life, and as adults grow older and move from one stage of adulthood to the next many new changes can occur in their everyday lives. The transition from middle adulthood to later adulthood can bring a whole new level of changes to an individual’s life. The aging process includes changes in roles and social positions, considering living accommodations with health care needs, transitioning from work life to retirement, changes in social policies, and changes in relationships with family members and peers. As aging occurs individuals notice a numerous amount of changes in their lives. Some of those changes occur in their roles and social positions. As an individual ages they may begin to notice both physical and mental changes that decrease their ability to carry out activities in their daily routines. An individual who was once the leader of company meetings may notice that they are no longer able to hear or see things as well as they were before, and they may not be able to process their thoughts as quickly. They might also notice a delay in their reaction time. While some people may assume it is because of a medical issue, it could just be because of aging. As aging continues throughout later adulthood individuals may also notice changes in their physical appearances such as loose or wrinkly skin and a decrease in muscle tone. Throughout life individuals may decide to move from one place to another to experience what it is like to live in a new place. As individuals age their health starts to decline, and in some cases, some families have to make the decision to put their loved ones in a nursing home or hire a nursing staff to do home visits. When the health of a loved one becomes an issue family members have to make sure they are getting the  proper care they need to ensure their loved ones are safe and their health needs are being met. Some elderly individuals are able to go through life and not need any type of assistance caring for themselves, but some individuals get sick and cannot properly take care of themselves any longer. Alzheimer’s and Dementia are two of the worst diseases an individual can develop as they age. Once Alzheimer’s or Dementia really set in the individual start to forget life as they previously knew it. They no longer recognize their family or friends and have a hard time remembering anything about their lives. According to the Alzheimer’s Association there are three stages to Alzheimer’s disease, the early, middle, and late stages. In the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease an individual may still function as well as they did before they knew they had the disease, â€Å"He or she may still drive, work, and be a part of social activities† (Alzheimer’s Association, 2015). According to the Alzheimer’s Association, â€Å"The middle stages of Alzheimer’s are typically the longest and can last for many years†. The third, and final stage of Alzheimer’s, the late stages, according to the Alzheimer’s Association, â€Å"may last for several weeks or several years and requires intense are the clock care†. As Alzheimer’s progresses the individual may experience symptoms such as; anger, anxiety, depression, hallucinations, memory loss, confusion, repetition, and physical discomfort. As Alzheimer’s slowly starts to take over the individual it becomes harder and harder for both the individual and the family to deal with the changes that are occurring. That is why it is so important to make sure there is a trained medical professional on site at all times to care and comfort the individual dealing with the disease. The transition from working life to retirement can be a difficult process for some adults as they struggle to accept the changes that will occur in their lifestyle. But, on the other hand, retirement can also be an enjoyable time for some adults as they see it as an opportunity to do things they love without having to worry about work interfering with their plans. Some aging adults have a hard time coping with the thought of retirement because of the drastic change in income and they do not know what to do with  all the extra time they will have throughout the day. While the changes in income between a weekly or biweekly paycheck greatly differ from their previous profession and the amount of money received through social security, most employers offer a 401K savings plan to help with retirement and life after working. Social policies were put in tact to ensure that anyone in need is able to have their needs met. These needs can include medical, nutritional, and income needs. The government has funded programs such as food stamps to help families all over the country provide food for their families. Other government programs such as Medicaid and Medicare are intact to help cover medical expenses for people who cannot afford health or dental insurance. When it comes to the elderly, social programs such as Social Security and the Older Americans Act were put intact to ensure the elderly (anyone aged sixty five or older) are able to financially support themselves. Social policies are a great way to ensure individuals are properly taken care of and are able to support themselves. Family is forever, and nobody should ever feel as if they have to go through life alone. As we age it is important to remember how important our family and friends really are to us. We spend our whole lives searching for someone to spend the rest of our lives with and to build a family with, but as we age and people in our families start to die people begin to feel lonely. Losing a close family member or even a friend can leave individuals with a feeling of loneliness or even depression, â€Å"Most people seventy years of age or older are widowed, divorced, or single† (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2010). Grandparents and great- grandparents should never have to feel like they are unimportant or unwanted by their families. As individuals mature and go on with their own lives they should always continue to stay in touch with everyone in their family, but they should especially make sure their grandparents and older family members are healthy and well taken care of. The changes that occur throughout our daily lives are preparing us for the next stage of life. As individuals age they experience new things and learn  new things about themselves. Some people fear aging as they fear they will no longer be able to properly care for themselves any longer, but with the love and support from our families anything is possible. The aging process includes changes in roles and social positions, considering living accommodations with health care needs, transitioning from work life  to retirement, changes in social policies, and changes in relationships with family members and peers. Aging is just one of the many aspects of life that everyone has to deal with, and it is up to us to determine how we want to deal with it and let it affect our everyday life. References: Alzheimer’s Association. The Stages of Alzheimer’s. Retrieved from: http://www.alz.org/living_with_alzheimers_4521.asp U.S Department of Health and Family Services. Caring for Frail Elderly People: Policies in Evolution. Retrieved from: http://aspe.hhs.gov/daltcp/reports/chap14.htm Zastrow, C.H. Kirst-Ashman, K.K. (2010). Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment (8th Ed.)

Impact of the Internet on Communication With Children

Impact of the Internet on Communication With Children The Effect of Internet on Children’s Communication With the assist of technology development, the Internet has gained wide recognition and become an integrated part of our lives in a short time. The Internet revolution has reformed society since it brings us a digital data network, unprecedented access to information and communication. These advantages of Internet usage, therefore, accelerate Internet users worldwide growth to increase exponentially. In 2013, The World Bank Organization announced that about 44 per 100 Vietnamese are now accessing the Internet. The organization also reveals that 90 percent populations of the United Kingdom are Internet users. During their childhood and adolescents, developing language and communication skills to a child is significant (Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Service, n.d.). In addition, it primarily interacts with the surrounding environment rather than social background (Roulstone, Law, Rush, Clegg, Peters, 2010). Meanwhile, children nowadays use Internet more. They are surrounded by online environment and have a tendency to explore what on the web. In consequence, it is anticipated to have a series of effects on children development. This report is to give our findings on the impact of the cyberspace which are associated with childrens daily communication and gives suggestions for the negative cases. Positive Effect Educational Purpose Self-efficacy and self-regulated learning. To study effectively, a child needs to develop his/her self-efficacy. Self-efficacy and self-regulated, as Chiou and Wan (2007) defined, are essential to one’s confidence level in achieving his goal. Unlike adults, children have vivid imaginations, genuine creativity, and unstoppable curiosity (Avery, 2004). Therefore, they obtain self-efficacy effortlessly if they are welcome to visualize. Besides teacher guidance at school, they have encouragement from the web to engage, and further to strengthen their inventive imagination. For example, if they cannot do something, they can watch it on Youtube which shows them step-by-step (Tuukkanen Wilska, 2015). Result from Tuukkanen and Wilska (2015) reveals that children are tending to go online for their school projects or assignment more than self-entertaining. Again, Internet demonstrates distinct advantages in connecting learners with materials and teachers (Ritter, 2000). The web provide s millions of websites which offer us the opportunity to approach billions homework help, textbook solution, and other e-resources in a few clicks. Otherwise, getting support from specialists is a reasonable choice. Since Internet provides us with communication services efficiently and without any cost, as a result, it minimizes distances and fosters connection between teachers and students. Gather information quickly. Doan and Bloomfield conducted research on students essay grades under effects of web browsing (2014) by gathering three groups to take the same writing test, but in different conditions. One group was not permitted to use the Internet, the other two could, however, their time limit to do the test was reduced. Despite that, students who were allowed to go online scored better, which proves two things: First, Internet provides us a wide background knowledge in short time. Secondly, it makes a positive outcome on our school performance. Less antisocial behavior. As the evidence suggest, using Internet for educational purpose could bring us academic performance success. The same as a domino effect, a child with school success would be less depressive and higher self-esteem. A survey by Kim (2011) indicates with these three sufficient requirements: good academic achievement, less depression, and high-esteem, children would be less antisocial behavior. Written communication. Web 3.0 enables and supports innovative channels for online education, in which written communication is a fundamental form of transferring information. Furthermore, the way using mechanics such as spelling, punctuation, and capitalization constructed in a message can remarkably influence the interpretation/misinterpretation to one’s tone in his/her academic writing (Betts, 2009). Research indicates that people express feelings with combined use of word choice, sentence structure and even font (Stone, n.d., as cited in Betts, 2009). For this reason, psychologists study online writing style of suicidal people. Apparently, it can be applied for suicide risk assessment in what unique verbal characteristics that imply suicidal risk, and provoke an alarm for special attention (Barak Miron, 2005). A child, like any living creature, needs to express anger, sorrow, and happiness. Also, whether direct or indirect, a child’s psychological need is diverse a nd complex. In other words, feeding and clothing a child will not matter if there is no caregiving or support (Williams, Ciarrochi, Heaven, 2012). Thus, suicide risk assessment would favor parenthood concerns to note their childs behavior and activities as a mean to have the right moves before any sorrowful tragic might happen. References Avery, M. E. (2004). What is good for children is good for mankind: The role of imagination in discovery. Science, 306(5705), 2212-3. Barak, A., Miron, O. (2005). Writing characteristics of suicidal people on the internet: A psychological investigation of emerging social environments. Suicide Life Threatening Behavior, 35(5), 507-24. Betts, K. (2009). Lost in Translation: Importance of Effective Communication in Online Education. Retrieved June 5, 2015, from http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/summer122/betts122.html Chiou, W., Wan, C. (2007). The dynamic change of self-efficacy in information searching on the internet: Influence of valence of experience and prior self-efficacy.The Journal of Psychology,141(6), 589-603. Doan, K., Bloomfield, A. (2014). The effects of browse time on the internet on students essay scores. Kim, S. (2011).The effects of internet use on academic achievement and behavioral adjustment among south Korean adolescents: Mediating and moderating roles of parental factors. Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Service (n.d.). Your preschool childs speech and language development. Retrieved June 5, 2015, from http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/topics/earlychildhood/speechlanguage/brochure_preschool.aspx Ritter, M. E., Lemke, K. A. (2000). Addressing the seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education with internet-enhanced education.Journal of Geography in Higher Education,24(1), 100-108. Roulstone, S., Law, J., Rush, R., Clegg, J., Peters, T. (2010, May 11). Investigating the role of language in children’s early educational outcomes. Retrieved June 5, 2015, from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/181549/DFE-RR134.pdf Terhi Tuukkanen,Terhi-Anna Wilska, (2015) Online environments in children’s everyday lives: children’s, parents’ and teachers’ points of view,Young Consumers, Vol. 16 Iss: 1, pp.3 – 16. Retrieved from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/YC-03-2014-00430 The World Bank (n.d.). Internet users (per 100 people). Retrieved May 27, 2015, from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.P2?cid=GPD_44 Williams, K. E., Ciarrochi, J., Heaven, P. C., L. (2012). Inflexible parents, inflexible kids: A 6-year longitudinal study of parenting style and the development of psychological flexibility in adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(8), 1053-66.

Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - The Deception of Appeara

Appearance versus Reality in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet is organized around various pairs of opposing forces. One of these forces is the difference between that what seems and that which actually is, in other words, appearance versus reality. What is, and what merely appears to be? We can discern two principal angles from which this question is approached in Hamlet. First, we have the angle of inward and outward emotions, and the profound distinction that is drawn between them. In other words, the tranquil face that we all show to the world is never the same as the turmoil of our souls. In Hamlet, Shakespeare explores this both explicitly, through the device of the play within the play, and implicitly, through the ways in which he uses the forms and conventions of theater to explore the aforementioned emotional dichotomy. There is also the dichotomy of knowledge that is essential to the Judeo-Christian religious tradition. God, in this tradition, is considered to be omniscient, and thus knows how all things actually are. Mere human beings, on the other hand, can only, as in Plato's allegory of the cave, know how things seem. They have only flawed knowledge. Over the course of Hamlet, we repeatedly perceive characters who focus on things that seem, as well as those who focus on what actually is. This dichotomy is fundamental to our understanding of the play.    Before launching into the body of this exposition, it is necessary that we define a few important terms. By "being", or that which "actually is", I mean those things that exist in the objective reality that might be perceived by some so-called omnipotent being. The flawed knowledge of non-omniscient humans - that which we see every day - is represented by the word "... ...for example, the death of Ophelia occurs offstage. Why? To shroud it in mystery. To keep that which seems - and that which the characters see - apart from the world of reality.    All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages.   Shakespeare, As You Like It, 2.7.139-143    Works Cited Berkeley, George. A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge. 1710. Ed. Kenneth Winkler. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1982. Berman, Allison. "We Only Find Ourselves." Hamlet reaction papers. Wynnewood: FCS, 2000. Lugo, Michael. "Thus Conscience Does Make Cowards of Us All." Hamlet reaction papers. Wynnewood: FCS, 2000. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. 1600? Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: Signet Classic, 1998.

Ibnu Khaldun Biography

Accoring to Issawi , C. (2009) Ibn Khaldun is the greatest Arab historian, who develop one of the earliest nonreligous philosophy of history, contained in his masterpiece, the Muqaddimah (â€Å"Introduction†). He also wrote a definitive history of Muslim Norh Africa. Mahmoud Dhaouadi (1997) stated that Ibnu Khaldun’s full name is ‘Abdu-ar-Rahman Abu Zaid Wali-ad-Din Ibn Khaldun. He was born in Tunis (1332) and died in Cairo (1406). His family was of Arab Yemenite descent who had first settled in Muslim Spain and later moved to Tunisia. When Ibn Khaldun reached the age of schooling, he began to learn and recite the Qur’an as did most pupils of that time. The education he received in Tunis in his youth was concentrated in three areas : (1) Islamic studies, which cover the sciences of the Qur’an, the Hadith (the prophet’s sayings and behaviour) as well as Islamic Fikh (jurisprudence) , particularly the Malikite School ; (2) the sciences of the Arabic language which deal with grammar , conjugation and the art of eloquent written and spoken language (al-Balagha) ; and (3) logic , philosophy, natural sciences and mathematics. Muhsin Mahdi (1968) explain that the teacher he admired most during this period was the mathematician and philosopher Muhammad Ibn Ibrauhium al-Aubiliu (1282/3-1356), whom he considered the most proficient of his contemporaries in the philosophic disciplines. His studies with Aubiliu extended over five years, from 1347 to 1352. They began with mathematics and logic and then branched out to include various other philosophic disciplines. Aubiliu introduced him to the major works of Avicenna and Averroes and acquainted him with the more recent philosophic and theological writings of the heterodox Shruites in Eastern Islam. Ibn Khaldun’s early work (1351) provides direct evidence for his philosophic interest and ideas during this period. His other early philosophic works, including treatises on logic and mathematics and a number of paraphrases of Averroes’ works, have not been recovered as yet. IBN KHALDUN ACHIEVEMENT. During his previous life, he has received many achievements in his life. He is known as Father of Modern Social Science and Cultural History. He is also the founder of sosiological sciences. . At the early age, he manage to cope with different type of knowledge such as Qur’anic science, Arabic, Poetry, Traditions, Classical Education (Qur’an, Science, Arabic Language and Fiqh) which he recive certification to these subject. Then, he has involved in political career as he held a post at the court of Tunisia at the age of 20. After three years later, he has worked as a secretaryship to the Sultan of Morocco for about two years. He once given a ministerial positio n by Abu Salem. After that, at the chancellery of the Tunisian ruler, Ibn Takrakin, he hold the position of Katib al-‘alamah which is consisted of writing in fine calligraphy or introductory notes of official documents. After that, at Cairo, he became a noted professor, judge and sheikh or better known as manager of Baybars, the greatest sufi institution during that time. Then he become an ambassador of the Sultan of Granada to Pedro the Cruel, Cristian king of Castile in 1363. This showed how people trust him in everything. In addition, he used to be a teacher and magistrate at Ta’rif. Ibn khaldun has inspired many people. In studied, he is excelled in Arabic Literature, Phisiolophy, Mathematics and Astronomy. At the age of 19, he has wrote his first book, Lubabu I-Muhassal under the supervision of his teacher, al-abili in Tunis. Next, he also manage to wrote Mukaddimah or known as Prolegomena in Europe. He wrote Prolegomena At the Castle of Ibn Salama when he receive inspiration to wrote it during his retirement. He only takes five month to finish writing Mukaddimah. Mukaddimah has been evaluate and fully appreciate by Europe scholarship. Unfortunedly, his work doesn’t get more attention at Asian. His work on the book, Mukaddimah has been appreciated by the whole world and his book has been translated into various language around the world. For example, English and malay. His final work on autobiography, has been translated to English. His book also available at all nation. Ibn khaldun is a great thinker that gives inspired to many people in various way. (Faridah Hj Hassan, Universiti Teknologi Mara Malaysia) WHY HE IS A GREAT THINKER? Almost everybody agrees that Ibn Khaldun is a great thinker. There are many relevant reasons or factors that contribute to this statement. First, Ibn Khaldun starts his political career at the very young age, only at twenty years old. From this, it is obviously that this historian has a very high determination and self-confidence. Apart from this, he can also be considered as a great thinker for his well-known book, Al-Muqaddimah. This is amazingly because Al-Muqaddimah was written by Ibn Khaldun for a really short period,that is 3 years only. He wrote the prominent book when he was staying in a small village, Qalat Ibn Salamah in Algeria. This actually proved that Ibn Khaldun is really a brilliant man who is never wasting his precious time. Besides that, the great thinker Ibn Khaldun has observed and and studied carefully the situations of every community that he has lived with. According to Mahmoud Dhaouadi (1997), Ibn Khaldun has made a conclusion regarding types of people. He divided mankind into three groups. The first group belongs to the primitive good human nature (types I + II) of the Arab-Muslim Bedouins. The first group’s excessive materialism led to the weakness and disintegration of Al-Assabiya among the Arab-Muslim sedentaries. The second group belongs to the strong Assabiya among the Arab-Muslim Bedouins. Their excessive materialism led to the weakening of the religion of Islam among the sedentaries. Last but not least, Ibn Khaldun state that the third group belongs to the strong commitment to the Islamic faith by the earlier Arab-Muslim Bedouins. He also mentioned that the excessive materialism led to the spread of human nature type III among all social categories of the Arab-Muslim sedentary culture. Mohammad Abdullah Enan (1941) suggests that Ibn Khaldun is an undoubtedly great Muslim thinker. â€Å"He was the first man to study the social phenomena, to understand and explain the events of history, and to deduce from them social laws,in such a wonderful scientific manner. Tonybee and Lacost,among the few Western scholars familiar with Ibn Khaldun’s thought, claimed that Ibn Khaldun was truly a unique phenomenon in humankind’s long history of idea. Yet, Ibn Khaldun’s legacy in the science of society continues to be ignored by both professionals and students of contemporary social sciences. This paragraph will stress more on his ideas of eastern sociology. Ibn Khaldun’s social thought may be considered to be the only authentic intellectual sociohistorical knowledge about human society which the Third World possesses. Yves Lacoste’s evaluation of the Muqaddimah makes this point very clear. He affirms that Ibn Khaldun’s fluent and systematic approach to the study of history and human civilisations has no parallel in the history of social thought of other societies and civilisations pervious to his own time. This can be proof more by Arnold Toynbee’s laudatory assessment of the mature sociohistorical thought displayed in The Muqaddimah strongly concurs with that of Lacoste which mentioned Ibn Khaldun had conceived and ormulated a philosophy of history which is undoubtedly the greatest work of its kind that had ever yet been created by any mind in any time and place. In establishing his New Science of the social objective reality, principally through his positivist outlook of social phenomena, Ibn Khaldun appears to have remain strongly attached and influenced as well by his view of the internal â€Å"in there† human nature. Ibn Khaldun’s notion of human nature and its deterministic impact on his assumptions, conceptualizations and theories of societies and civilizations have been largely if not completely neglected by those who have studie Ibn Khaldun’s work. We hardly encountered a study which preoccupies itself seriously with the subject of human nature in Ibn Khaldun’s thinking. This is due to the prevailing positivist spirit of the author’s works, especially in his Muqaddimah . His concept of human nature and its implications on the individual’s behaviour and civilization’s destiny ought not to be discarded or neglected in any rigorous analysis of Ibn Khaldun’s works. No doubt that there are a number of references to human nature in the Muqaddimah. But the difficult task lies in identifying with precision specific categories referred to by the author. In reading Ibn Khaldun’s statements on Man’s nature, three types seem to emerge. a)Human nature as reflected in Al –Fitrah In Islamic thought, Al-Fitrah is either than human state devoid of bad traits and customs at birth or at worst it is that human state that predisposes human nature more toward virtues than vices. Ibn Khaldun’s use of Al-Fitrah concept is inspired by the Qur’an as well as by the Hadith. In these two basic Islamic sources, the notion of Al-Fitrah still appears to mean, also, a balanced human inclination that lives according to the laws of the natural divine order. As a conclude, the closer they remain to the primitive or innate state of human nature in terms of goodness the better they are. b)The dualistic human nature Ibn Khaldun’s second type of huma nature resembles, in its dynamics very much that of Al-Assabiyya. The latter is a conflicting set of historical moving forces which often clash with each other, thus creating a chain of conflicts and antagonisms. Viewed that way, Al-‘Assabiyya’s dynamics offer a compelling explaination to human history as an endless chain of exhaustion, rotation and evolution. Likewise, the author’s second view of human nature shows the conflicting nature of the human being’s make up. The roots of the conflicts are the result of the dualistic constituting component of human nature itself. Human nature has equal inclinations toward doing good and evil. With this even emphasis on the weight of good and evil elements ,the Qur’anic perspective appears to give human nature a fundamental dialectical characteristic. c)The aggresive human nature Ibn Khaldun had bluntly stated that the roots of human aggression as well as injustice are to be found in the animalistic side of human nature. Like some contemporary ethologists and psychologists studying Man and animal’s behaviour, the author of the Muqaddimah considers aggression as a fundamental inborn feature whose infrastructure is widely observed among all living beings including Man. Ibn Khaldun’s observations and experiences enabled him to unveil other complex forms which human aggression could take. He had noticed injustice committed by humans, not because their physical survival was at stake, but rather it appeared to be the result of a sort of human readiness to do injustice to others in the Hobbesian sense of the term. On the contrary, Ibn Khaldun considers them to be fundamentally destructive and disruptive to Man’s advancement collectively as well as individually. In looking at these three form of Man’s humannature, one can assert that there is unambiguous Qur’anic or Islamic influence on the author’s thinking concerning Man’s nature. The first type (Al-Fitrah state) and the second one the dualistic nature) are drawn from the Islamic outlook on the range of human nature as expressed especially in the Muslim Holy Book. These two categories depict Man’s nature at its very natural state either as good more and less or neutral towards good or bad doing. In both cases Man’s nature is overwhelmingly dialectical. However the third type of the Human Nature is strikingly an ugly one, Man falls nto this state when he becomes dominated by his animalistic or known as materialistic desires. I n the luxurious sedentary milieu, Man is transformed from a human being to an animal. With this taking place, the undermining of Islamic as well as natural values becomes a fait accompli. It is hardly an exaggeration to state that the studies which has dealt, both in the Arab world and outside of if ,bwith Ibn Khaldun’s remarkably distinct achievement in social thought have, in general, extended to explain the Khaldunian phenomenon by social variables and not by the personality traits of the author of the Muqaddimah. In other words, creative and innovative thought is seen here as the result of the imperative of the laws of stringent social determinism. The consequences of this kind of perspective has ultimately led to a general disinterest in the study of the role of Ibn Khaldun’s personality traits that might have contributed to the unfolding of his pioneering social thought . In light especially of modern psychology’s insights and finding about the role of human personality traits in triggering and promoting the spirit of creativity and innovation among certain individuals of the general population, it is hardly acceptable to seek an objective assessment of human creativity and innovation without seriously taking into account the entire profile of the creative person innovator’s personality in its own right.